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In recognition of the important work of 32-year-old Pakistani scientist Dr Muhammad Samid and his colleagues, the international weekly scientific journal Nature has published his extraordinary experience on its latest cover.

Dr Muhammad Sameed from Islamabad is currently affiliated with the European Center for Nuclear Physics (CERN). They have been instrumental in cooling the anti-hydrogen laser physics apparatus, or anti-hydrogen particles in alpha, located in CERN. It should be noted that laser has never been used for anti-cooling before. That is why this work is valued.

Although 40 years ago the idea of ​​cooling atoms of ordinary matter with the help of laser was introduced, it was never used to cool antimatter or anti-particles. Now Dr. Samid and his team have done it.
Talking to the Express Tribune, Dr Muhammad Samid said that at the school level we are told about the atom that it consists of more sub-particles i.e. electrons, protons and neutrons. But on closer inspection, the electron core particle family belongs to the lepton. While protons and neutrons are not included in this category, these particles are formed from quarks and gluons. There are also six subtypes of quarks. “

In 1928, the eminent physicist Paul Dirac theoretically predicted the antimatter and introduced the concept of the anti-electron, the experimental evidence of which came to us only four years later. Then we are unable to understand how the anti-particles finally travel. The mass of a particle and the opposite particle are the same but the opposite charge on each other is different. Now, if the electron is placed in a magnetic field, it will turn in the opposite direction, whereas in the presence of a positron (anti-electron) magnetic field, it will turn in the opposite direction.

Then theoretical evidence and equations show that after the Big Bang, the same amount of antimatter would have been created with the appearance of the universe, but where is this antimatter now? And why is there so much ordinary matter (meters) in the universe? These are the questions that are being considered.

One hypothesis is that antimatter has an unknown property that makes it a common substance. Now, for the last 30 to 40 years, a small amount of antimatter has been made in laboratories and various experiments are being done on it. In this context, Dr. Samid’s work is very important.

Choice of anti-hydrogen

For this, Dr. Samid in CERN’s Alpha Laboratory selected a particle opposite to the common hydrogen atom, which is also the simplest anti-atom. It’s easy to say, but the fact is that even if an anti-electron-based anti-hydrogen atom revolves around an anti-proton, keeping it away from ordinary matter is a headache. That is, as soon as the antimatter is mixed with the common substance, it will perish. Think of it this way: If you meet a person (supposedly) in space travel who is made of antimatter, and as soon as you shake hands with him, you and that person will “perish” as soon as you touch them. And gamma rays will be scattered!

That is why a few anti-hydrogen atoms were placed in the sensitive electromagnetic field. Earlier in 2017, they cooled anti-hydrogen (atom) with the help of laser. That is, its tremors were minimized. Now this experiment has been repeated in which the movement of anti-hydrogen has been reduced with the help of laser. In the language of physics, this process is called cooling.

Think of it as another example that in boiling water atoms and molecules move very fast and this process reflects their heat while in ice the movement or vibration of molecules and atoms decreases and we say That the water has become solid and cold.

Now that anti-hydrogen has been cooled by laser, our knowledge and experience about antimatter will be greatly enhanced. About his success, Dr. Muhammad Samid said that he belongs to the middle class but his parents gave him the best education and after getting education up to A level, he studied further in physics on a Cornell University scholarship.

He then received a winter internship at CERN and joined his alpha lab here due to his abilities.